五一國際勞動節(jié)wǔ yī guó jì láo dòng jié亦稱"五一節(jié)",定在每年的五月一日。它是全世界無產隊級、勞動人民的共同節(jié)日。
Labor's Day is on May 1st. Labor's Day is an international day for workers. Working is glorious, and we should respect workers. The Labor's Day is workers' holiday and workers can enjoy themselves to their heart's content. Many people choose to travel. And some others will go to the cinema. Some will go to parks. And others will stay at home
此節(jié)源于美國芝加哥城的工人大罷工.1886年5月1日,芝加哥的二十一萬六千余名工人為爭取實行八小時工作制而舉行大罷工,經(jīng)過艱苦的流血斗爭,終于獲得了勝利.為紀念這次偉大的工人運動,1889年7 月第二國際宣布將每年的五月一日定為國際勞動節(jié).這一決定立即得到世界各國工人的積極響應.1890年5月1日,歐美各國的工人階級率先走向街頭,舉行盛大的示威游行與集會,爭取合法權益.從此,每逢這一天世界各國的勞動人民都要集會,游行,以示慶祝.
為紀念這次偉大的工人運動,1889年7月，在恩格斯組織召開的第二國際成立大會上宣布將每年的五月一日定為國際勞動節(jié)，簡稱“五一”。這一決定立即得到世界各國工人的積極響應。1890年5月1日,歐美各國的工人階級率先走向街頭,舉行盛大的示威游行與集會,爭取合法權益。從此,每逢這一天,世界各國的勞動人民都要集會、游行,以示慶祝。
中國人民慶祝勞動節(jié)的活動可追溯至1918年。這一年,一些革命的知識分子在上海、蘇州、杭州、漢口等地向群眾散發(fā)介紹“五一”的傳單。
1920年5月1日,北京、上海、廣州、九江、唐山等各工業(yè)城市的工人群眾浩浩蕩蕩地走向街市、舉行了聲勢浩大的游行、集會。李大釗專門在《新青年》上發(fā)表了《“五一”運動史》，介紹“五一”節(jié)的來歷和美法等國工人紀念“五一”的活動，號召中國工人把這年的“五一”作為覺醒的日期。陳獨秀也為慶祝這個節(jié)日發(fā)表了《上海厚生紗廠湖南女工問題》一文，揭露資本家剝削工人剩余價值的真相。陳獨秀又在上海船務棧房工界聯(lián)合會作了《勞苦者的覺悟》的演說，闡明了“勞動創(chuàng)造世界”。“做工的人最有用最貴重”的觀點。在北京，一些青年外出宣傳，散發(fā)《五月一日勞工宣言》，喚起工人為反對剝削、爭取自身權利而斗爭。這是中國首次紀念“五一”國際勞動節(jié)的活動，也是中國歷史上的第一個“五一”勞動節(jié)。
新中國成立以后,中央人民政府政務院于1949年12月將5月1日定為法定的勞動節(jié),是日全國放假一天。每年的這一天,舉國歡慶,人們換上節(jié)日的盛裝,興高采烈地聚集在公園、劇院、廣場,參加各種慶祝集會或文體娛樂活動,并對有突出貢獻的勞動者進行表彰。
1920年5月1日,北京,上海,廣州,九江,唐山等各工業(yè)城市的工人群眾浩浩蕩蕩地走向街市,舉行了聲勢浩大的游行,集會,這就是中國歷史上的第一個五一勞動節(jié).放后,中央人民政府政務院于1949年12月將五月一日定為法定的勞動節(jié),是日全國放假一天.節(jié)日,舉國歡慶,人們換上節(jié)日的盛裝,興高采烈地聚集在公園,劇院,廣場,參加各種慶祝集會或文體娛樂活動,并對有突出貢獻的勞動者進行表彰.
1886年5月1日芝加哥城的工人大罷工
5月1日,國際勞動節(jié),它是全世界工人階級斗爭的歷史紀念,每個國家都很重視它,尤其是美國,加拿大,南非.事件起因是, 1880年美國工人游行集會要求8小時工作制.1884年,聯(lián)邦貿易組織通過了一項解決方案,以立法的形式規(guī)定從1886年5月1日開始執(zhí)行每日8 小時工作制,但此后,工人們仍然被強迫每天工作10小時,12小時,甚至14小時,這使得該項立法明有實亡,而各地的聯(lián)邦首腦對此卻表示出十分冷淡和不友好的態(tài)度,于是一場為爭取8小時工作的罷工開始了.
世界各國過"五一" 慶祝特色各千秋
一年一度的“五一”國際勞動節(jié)又到了，為了紀念這個全世界勞動人民團結戰(zhàn)斗的節(jié)日，世界各國一般都會舉行相應的慶�；顒�。不過，并不是所有國家都將5月1日定為勞動節(jié)，那些同過“五一”的國家，具體的慶祝方式和習慣也大不相同，我們不妨一起來看看其他一些國家是怎么度過勞動節(jié)的。
***美國：勞動節(jié)發(fā)源地不過“五一”
勞動節(jié)起源于美國。19世紀80年代，美國資產階級為了進行資本積累，對工人階級進行殘酷的剝削壓榨，他們用各種手段，迫使工人每天從事長達12到16小時甚至更多時間的勞動。美國廣大工人逐漸認識到，為了保障自己的權利，必須起來進行斗爭。
從1884年開始，美國先進的工人組織通過決議，要為實現(xiàn)“每天工作8小時”而戰(zhàn)斗，并提出“8小時工作;8小時休息;8小時娛樂!勞動者創(chuàng)造全部財富!”等口號。
1886年5月1日，美國芝加哥的工人舉行大罷工。那一天，以芝加哥為中心，美國全國約35萬工人參加了罷工和游行，要求改善勞動條件，實行8小時工作制。這場斗爭震撼了整個美國。工人階級團結戰(zhàn)斗的強大力量，迫使資本家做出了讓步，美國工人的這一大罷工取得了勝利。
1889年7月，由恩格斯領導的第二國際在巴黎舉行代表大會。為了紀念美國工人的這次“五一”大罷工，會議通過決議，將每年的5月1日定為國際勞動節(jié)。從此，世界各國的工人團體在這一天舉行盛大慶�；顒樱S多國家還放假一天。
但是，特殊的是，美國政府后來在設立勞動節(jié)時，自行規(guī)定每年9月的第一個星期一為勞動節(jié)，所以美國人的勞動節(jié)不在5月，而在9月。
每逢9月的勞動節(jié)，美國人可以放假一天，全美各地的民眾一般都會舉行游行、集會等各種慶祝活動，以示對勞工的尊重。在一些州，人們在游行之后還要舉辦野餐會，熱鬧地吃喝、唱歌、跳舞。入夜，有的地方還會放焰火。
***俄羅斯：游行、集會、娛樂一個都不少
自國際上設立勞動節(jié)以來，俄羅斯一直比較重視這個特別的節(jié)日。“五一”這天，俄羅斯全國放假，并舉行各種慶祝活動及群眾性游行。
過去，上述活動主要是由政府組織，游行隊伍中包括各企業(yè)、機關的代表�，F(xiàn)在，除政府統(tǒng)籌的慶�；顒油�，各種不同政見的非政府組織、勞工團體，都會在這一天自發(fā)舉行各種慶�；顒�，既可以借這個機會充分闡述各自的政見，又能擴大本組織的影響。
一般來說，“五一”游行的隊伍要先穿過城市的主要街道、廣場，最后在古老的或者寬闊的中心廣場舉行大型集會和慶典。同時，俄羅斯各地的各種俱樂部還會舉行內容豐富、色彩繽紛的娛樂活動，人們的節(jié)日情緒很高。
***日本：勞動節(jié)逢“黃金周”
日本是一個節(jié)日比較多的國家，5月1日前后的節(jié)日就很多，如4月29日植樹節(jié)、5月3日憲法紀念日、4日國民假日、5日兒童節(jié)，這些假日連起來，一般日本人至少有一周休息時間，最長的甚至達11天。
對工薪階層來說，這個長假的意義真是不同尋常。因此，在日本，勞動節(jié)專門的慶�；顒尤諠u被“五一黃金周”所取代。而且從4月29日開始，日本就已經(jīng)進入了“黃金周”。
日本全國的許多飯店、溫泉等娛樂設施，紛紛在“五一”前打出各種廣告招攬游客，普通旅館的房間價格也比平時提高一倍以上。
今年4月29日，日本成田機場迎來了假日的第一個高峰，當天從這里出國的游客超過4萬人，預計“黃金周”期間該機場運送旅客將達到81萬人。許多游客選擇到夏威夷、塞班島、中國和東南亞等地旅游。
***加拿大：9月勞動節(jié)標志夏天結束
同為北美國家，加拿大與美國一樣也是在每年9月的第一個星期一慶祝勞動節(jié)。在渥太華、多倫多等城市，每年勞動節(jié)時都會舉行游行和集會，以此表彰工會組織下的工人對加拿大社會所做出的貢獻。
另外，比較與眾不同的是，在大多數(shù)加拿大人的概念中，這個9月的勞動節(jié)標志著夏天的結束。一般情況下，家長們會利用勞動節(jié)的假期給孩子買新學期的學習用品，商家也往往借機促銷文具。
***泰國、秘魯：放假一天
泰國于1932年首次頒布勞工條例，隨后將每年的5月1日確定為國家的勞動節(jié)，以此嘉獎辛勤工作的勞動者。這一天，泰國全國統(tǒng)一放假一天，在首都以及一些大城市會有相關的慶�；顒�，不過規(guī)模一般都不會太大。
和泰國的情況比較類似，南美國家秘魯也規(guī)定5月1日為國家的勞動節(jié)，而且全國放假一天。
***意大利：不慶祝不放假
英國、法國等歐洲國家都將“五一”確定為勞動節(jié)，不少國家都放假一天，還有的國家則根據(jù)情況將公共假期放在5月的第一個星期一。
不過，和世界大多數(shù)國家不太一樣的是，意大利盡管承認“五一”國際勞動節(jié)，政府也表示尊重勞工，但一般人并不舉行專門的慶�；顒�，也沒有全國性的“五一”假期
英語:
May First International Labor Day w ǔ y ī guójìláo dòng jiéalso calls " May Day " Decides in every year on May 1. It isthe world not produces team level, working people's common holiday. Labor' S Day is on May 1st. Labor' S Day is an internationalday for workers. Working is glorious, and we should respect workers.The Labor' S Day is workers' Holiday and workers can enjoythemselves to their heart' S content. Many people choose totravel. And some others will go to the cinema. Some will go to parks.And others will stay at home This source greatly strikes to the American Chicago city laborperson 1886 the year on May 1, Chicago's 216,000 worker for strivesfor implements eight hours work systems to hold greatly strikes,passes through difficultly bleeds the struggle, finally has achievedthe success For will commemorate this great labor movement,1,889years in July second international announcement every year on May 1 todecide as international labor day This decision obtains the variouscountries worker positively to respond immediately 1890 the year onMay 1, the European and American various countries working class takesthe lead to move towards the street corner, holds the granddemonstration and the assembly, strives for the legitimate rights andinterests From this time on, every time meets this day variouscountries the working people all want to assemble, the parade, showsto celebrate For will commemorate this great labor movement,1,889 years in July,organizes in Engels to convene internationally second had beenestablished at the congress to announce every year on May 1 willdecide as international labor day, the abbreviation "51". Thisdecision obtains the various countries worker's positive responseimmediately. On May 1, 1890, the European and American variouscountries working class took the lead to move towards the streetcorner, held the grand demonstration and the assembly, strove for thelegitimate rights and interests. From this time on, every time meetsthis day, the various countries working people all must hold, theparade, shows to celebrate. The Chinese people celebrated Labor Day's activity to be possible totrace to 1918. This year, some revolutionary intellectuals in placessuch as Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Hankou send out introduces "51"circular to the populace. On May 1, 1920, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Jiujiang, Tangshan andso on various industrial city working masses enormously and powerfulmoved towards the downtown, have held the mammoth parade, theassembly. Li Dazhao on has specially published "" 51 "MovementHistory" in "New youth", introduced "51" the festival origin and isbeautiful method and so on the national well-known craftsman personcommemorates "51" the activity, summoned the Chinese worker the datewhich "51" the achievement awakens this year. Chen Duxiu also forcelebrated this holiday to publish "Shanghai To enrich the well-beingof the masses Cotton mill Hunan Female worker Question" an article,exposed the capitalist to exploit the worker surplus value the truth.Chen Duxiu has done in on sea boat service 棧房labor federation"勞苦 Consciousness" the speech, has expounded "the work creationworld". "Works the person most useful is most precious" viewpoint. InBeijing, some youths egress the propaganda, sends out "on May 1Laborer Manifesto", arouses the worker for the oppositionexploitation, strives for own right to struggle. This is Chinacommemorates "51" for the first time international labor day'sactivity, also is in Chinese history first "51" Labor Day. After new China is founded, the Central People's Government stateadministrative council on May 1 will decide as legal Labor Day inDecember, 1949, will be the date nation has a vacation one day. Everyyear this day, whole nation joyfully celebrates, the people exchangethe holiday the splendid attire, jubilantly gathers at the park, thetheater, the square, attends each kind of celebration to assemble orthe literary style recreational activity, and to the worker which hasthe prominent contribution carries on the commendation. On May 1, 1920, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Jiujiang, Tangshan andso on various industrial city working masses enormously and powerfulmoved towards the downtown, has held the mammoth parade, the assembly,this was in Chinese history first 51 Labor Day After puts, theCentral People's Government state administrative council on May 1 willdecide as legal Labor Day in December, 1949, will be the date nationhas a vacation one day The holiday, the whole nation joyfullycelebrates, the people exchange the holiday the splendid attire,jubilantly gathers at the park, the theater, the square, attends eachkind of celebration to assemble or the literary style recreationalactivity, and to the worker which has the prominent contributioncarries on the commendation On May 1, 1886 the Chicago city labor people greatly struck On May 1, international labor day, it is the historicalcommemoration which the world working class struggles, each countryall very much takes it, in particular US, Canada, South Africa Theevent cause is, in 1880 the American workers paraded assemble request8 hours work systems 1884 year, the federation trade organization topass a solution, legislates the form stipulated started from 1886 May1 to carry out every day 8 hours work systems, but hereafter, theworkers are still forced to work every day for 10 hours,12 hours, even14 hours, this enabled this legislation clearly to have the reality toperish, but each place federation head actually expressed regardingthis was extremely desolate and the unfriendly manner, thereupon forstrove for 8 hours work the strikes to start Various countries " 51 " Celebration characteristic variouscenturies Once a year "51" international labor day arrived, forcommemorate this world working people to unite fight the holiday, thevarious countries generally can hold corresponding celebration. But,certainly will not be all countries all on May 1 decides as Labor Day,these with "51" country, concrete celebration way and custom alsoentirely different, how will we might as well together have a lookother some countries passed Labor Day. *** US: Labor Day place of origin only "51" Labor Day origins from US. 19th century 80's, US bourgeoisiein order to carry on the accumulation of capital, carries on brutalexploitation squeezing to the working class, they use each method,forces the worker to be engaged in every day long reaches 12 to 16hours even more time work. The American general workers graduallyrealize, in order to safeguard own right, must get up wages thestruggle. Started from 1884, the American advanced workers organized through theresolution, had to be the realization "works for 8 hours to fightevery day", and proposed "8 hours work; 8 hours rests; 8 hoursentertainment! The worker creates the complete wealth!" Slogan. On May 1, 1886, the American Chicago's workers held greatly strike.That one day, take Chicago as the center, the American nationapproximately 350,000 workers participated in the strike and theparade, the request improvement work condition, implemented 8 hourswork systems. This struggle has shocked entire US. The working classunites the fight the formidable strength, forced the capitalist tomake the concessions, American worker's this big strike has gained thevictory. In July, 1889, led internationally second by Engels holds therepresentative assembly in Paris. For commemorate American worker'sthis "51" greatly to strike, the conference through the resolution,every year on May 1 will decide as international labor day. From thistime on, the various countries worker association in this day holdgrand celebration, many countries also has a vacation one day. What but, is special, the American government afterwards when set upLabor Day, voluntarily stipulated every year September first Mondaywas Labor Day, therefore American's Labor Day not in May, but inSeptember. Every time meets September the Labor Day, the American may have avacation one day, the entire American each place populace generallycan hold the parade, the assembly and so on each kind of celebration,shows to the laborer the respect. In some states, people after paradealso must conduct the picnic meeting, lively eats and drinks, sings,dances. At nightfall, some places also can set off the fireworks. *** Russia: The parade, the assembly, entertainment all many Since on international has set up Labor Day, Russiacontinuously quite takes this special holiday. "51" this day, theRussian nation has a vacation, and holds each kind of celebration andthe mass parade. In the past, the above activity mainly was by the officialorganization, in the troops on parade including various enterprises,institution's representatives. Now, celebration which plans besidesthe government, each different political view non- officialorganization, the labor group, can spontaneously hold each kind ofcelebration in this day, both may take this opportunity fully toelaborate respective political view, and can expand this organizationthe influence. Generally speaking, "51" the parade troop must first pass through thecity the major street, the square, finally in is ancient or the broadcentral square hold large-scale assembly and the celebration. At thesame time, Russian each place each kind of club also can hold thecontent richly, the color riotous recreational activity, people'sholiday mood is very high. *** Japan: Labor Day meets "the gold week" Japan is holiday quite many countries, before May 1 the afterholiday very many, like on April 29 Arbor Day, on May 3 theconstitution commemoration day, on 4th the national holiday, on 5ththe child festival, these holidays links, the common Japanese at leasthas week relaxation time, is longest even reaches 11 day. Said to the salariat that, this long vacation significance really isdifferent is common. Therefore, in Japan, the Labor Day specialcelebration quilt "51 golds weeks" substitutes day after day. Moreoverstarts from April 29, Japan on already entered "the gold week". Japanese entertainment facility and so on nation many hotels, hotspring, in "51" front splits out each kind of advertisement to gatherthe tourist in abundance, the ordinary hotel room price also comparesusually enhances above a time. This April 29, the Japanese Narita airport welcomed the holiday firstpeak, same day the tourist which went abroad from here surpasses40,000 people, estimated "the gold week" period this airport will shipthe passenger to achieve 810,000 people. Many tourists choose placestraveling such as the Hawaii, Saipan Island, China and Southeast Asia. *** Canada: In September Labor Day symbolized the summer ended With is the North America country, Canada and US equally alsois celebrates Labor Day in every year September first Monday. Whencity and so on Ottawa, Toronto, every year Labor Day can hold paradesand assembles, by this commendation labor union organization's underworkers the contribution which make to the Canadian society. Moreover, compared with, in the majority Canadian's concept which isout of the ordinary, this September Labor Day symbolizes the summerconclusion. In the ordinary circumstances, the guardians can vacationbuy the new semester using Labor Day to the child the study materials,the merchant also often taking the opportunity promote sales thestationery. *** Thailand, Peru: Has a vacation one day Thailand will promulgate the labor statute for the first timein 1932, afterwards every year on May 1 will determine for nationalLabor Day, by this praise industrious work worker. This day, the Thaination unification has a vacation one day, can have the correlation inthe capital as well as some big cities celebration, but the scalegenerally all cannot too be big. With Thailand's situation quite similar, South America country Perualso stipulates in May on 1 for national Labor Day, moreover thenation has a vacation one day. *** Italy: Does not celebrate does not have a vacation European country and so on the England, France all "51" thedetermination will be Labor Day, many countries all have a vacationone day, but also some countries put according to the situation thepublic holidays in May first Monday. But, Italy which not too is same with the world majority countryalthough acknowledged "51" international labor day, the governmentalso expresses the respect laborer, but the average person certainlydoes not hold special celebration, also nationwidely does not have"51" the vacation
